By placing the chorale melody in the highest voice and using simple harmonization, what did Bach make easier for congregation members?

Bach's decision to place the chorale melody in the highest voice and use simple harmonization primarily made it easier for congregation members to sing along. By positioning the melody at the top, it became prominent and more easily recognizable, allowing even those with limited musical ability to join in the singing. The straightforward harmonization complemented this approach, ensuring that the musical texture remained accessible and not overly complex. This design effectively encouraged congregational participation in worship, reinforcing the communal aspect of singing within a church service. Singing together was an essential element of the worship experience, and Bach’s arrangement facilitated that engagement.