In a periodic phrase structure, what does an antecedent phrase typically end with?

In a periodic phrase structure, the antecedent phrase typically ends with a half cadence. This is because the half cadence creates a sense of pause or incompleteness, leaving the listener anticipating a continuation or resolution. The half cadence generally ends on the dominant chord, signaling that something more is to follow.

In contrast, a full cadence concludes the musical thought firmly and gives a sense of resolution, which is characteristic of the consequent phrase in the periodic structure rather than the antecedent. The final cadence serves a similar function of closure, reinforcing a complete musical idea, while a plagal cadence also signifies a strong ending but is not the typical closure for the antecedent phrase. Therefore, the half cadence is key in establishing the question of expectation and forward momentum that is a hallmark of the antecedent phrase.