What distinguishes opera from oratorio?

The distinction between opera and oratorio primarily lies in the presence of sets, costumes, and staged performances. Operas are theatrical productions that involve elaborate sets and costumes, allowing the story to be portrayed visually in front of an audience. This aspect is central to the operatic form, as it combines music, drama, and visual arts to create a comprehensive performance experience.

In contrast, oratorios are typically concert works that do not include staged sets or costumes. They are often performed in concert halls rather than theaters and focus on the music and vocal performance without the dramatic elements that operas include.

The other options do not accurately capture the distinction. Oratorios are not limited to being sung only in Latin; they can be composed in various languages, and many are in English. Additionally, while operas often have secular themes, oratorios can certainly have religious themes too. Lastly, operas are not usually performed in concert settings, as they are intended for theatrical production with staging.